Hadeeth

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1214 لئن بقيت إلى قابل لأصومن التاسع
If I were to live till the next year, I would definitely fast the ninth day

عن عبدالله بن عباس رضي الله عنهما عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «لَئِن بَقِيتُ إلى قابلٍ لأصومنّ التاسِع».

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If I were to live till next year, I would definitely fast the ninth day."

صحيح - ( رواه مسلم ). Sahih/Authentic. [Muslim]

لئن بقيت"، أي: لئن عشت، "إلى قابل"، أي عشت إلى المحرم الآتي، "لأصومن"، اليوم "التاسع" مع عاشوراء؛ مخالفة لليهود، فلم يأت المحرم القابل حتى مات، فيسن صومه وإن لم يصمه -عليه الصلاة والسلام-؛ لأن ما عزم عليه فهو سنة، والسبب في صوم التاسع مع العاشر أن لا يتشبه باليهود في إفراد العاشر، وقيل: للاحتياط في تحصيل عاشوراء، والأول أولى فقد جاء النص في ذلك، والله أعلم.
As related in the Hadīth, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) resolved to fast the ninth day of Muharram along with the tenth day (‘Ashūrā') if he would live till the following year. Thereby, he aimed to contradict the Jews. However, he died before next Muharram. So it is Sunnah to fast the ninth day, even though the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) could not fast it. Indeed, whatever the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) determined to do is regarded as Sunnah. By fasting the ninth day along with the tenth, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) aimed at contradicting the Jews, who fast the tenth day only. It is also said that fasting the ninth day is a way of caution ensuring that ‘Ashūrā' is not missed. The first opinion is stronger, however, because it is based on an explicit text. And Allah knows best.

ندب صيام يوم التاسع والعاشر من شهر المحرم. يشرع مخالفة أهل الكتاب من اليهود والنصارى.

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